Virility and victimhood – how do these seemingly opposite characteristics prop up strongman leaders throughout recent history? Expert and best-selling author Dr. Ruth Ben-Ghiat connects the dots in a conversation full of wisdom and, ultimately, hope that the current attempt at authoritarian rule in the United States is on the decline.

The author of Strongmen: From Mussolini to Today, Ruth makes clear that war is often a cold-blooded tool of authoritarians – particularly if they see other means of consolidating power no longer work. Religious and spiritual language is also a near-universal tool in the strongman’s arsenal, making American Christian Nationalism just more of the same for anyone looking closely at the history of authoritarianism in the past century or so.

Inevitability is a cornerstone of the image projected by strongman propaganda. As Ruth points out in her book, The authoritarian playbook has no chapter on failure. And so self-delusion is an important part of keeping an authoritarian takeover in motion: nobody can stop this. In fact, most people are enthusiastically supportive of anything we do (regardless of what the polls say – sound familiar?)

So what hope is there for effective opposition? Ruth emphasizes that nonviolence is essential, and that collective action is required to break the hold most strongmen have over their followers and foes alike. With concrete historical examples and accessible explanations of what’s really happening today, she doesn’t shy away from making clear how high the stakes are – but also how real the possibility of shepherding our intact democracy through this crisis is.

More About Ruth Ben-Ghiat

Dr. Ruth Ben-Ghiat is a historian and professor at New York University who specializes in fascism, authoritarianism, propaganda, and democracy protection. Her writing explores how strongman leaders use culture, media, and corruption to consolidate power, in books include Strongmen: Mussolini to the Present. Dr. Ben-Ghiat is a frequent public commentator on threats to democracy in the United States and globally, and shares her insights on her Substack, @lucid.